Which term means the process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms?

• A. Evolution
• B. Adaptation
• C. Genetic engineering
• D. Natural selection

Answer: (C)

Altering the genetic code of living organisms is genetic engineering. This term refers to the deliberate modification of DNA to change traits, using tools like CRISPR, recombinant DNA techniques, or gene therapy. The other terms describe natural processes rather than intentional edits: evolution is the change in allele frequencies in populations over generations; adaptation is a trait that becomes favored because it helps survival in a certain environment, arising through natural selection and variation; natural selection is the process by which certain inherited traits become more common because those individuals survive and reproduce more. So when the question asks for the process of making changes in the DNA code, genetic engineering is the most accurate fit. Examples include producing insulin in bacteria or developing crops with pest resistance through gene edits.