Which term describes the evolution of different species from a common ancestor leading to differences among lineages?

• A. Convergent evolution
• B. Adaptation
• C. Divergent evolution
• D. Natural selection

Answer: (C)

Divergent evolution describes the process by which lineages branch from a common ancestor and accumulate differences over time. When populations of a single ancestral species inhabit different environments or face different selective pressures, they adapt in different directions, eventually becoming distinct species. A classic example is the beak diversity of Darwin’s finches, all descended from a common ancestor but specialized for different food sources. This contrasts with convergent evolution, where unrelated lineages develop similar features due to similar environments, and with natural selection or adaptation, which are the mechanisms or traits involved rather than the pattern of descent.