Which factor depends on population size?

• A. Density independent factors
• B. Density dependent factors
• C. Abiotic factors
• D. Temperature

Answer: (B)

Density-dependent factors are those whose impact changes with population size. When more individuals are present, resources become scarcer, competition for food, water, and space increases, disease can spread more easily, and crowding can cause stress that affects reproduction and survival. All of these effects intensify as the population grows, so their influence scales with how crowded the population is.

In contrast, density-independent factors affect a population regardless of how many individuals there are—things like weather events or floods that can hit a population the same way whether it’s small or large. Abiotic factors are non-living components of the environment, such as temperature, which set conditions but don’t depend on how many organisms are there. Temperature is an example of an abiotic factor that typically isn’t driven by population size.